Shedding a Light on a Rare and Complex Cancer

July is Sarcoma Awareness Month, a crucial time to spotlight this rare and complex cancer that starts in the body’s connective tissue, which includes bone, muscle, fat, and nerves. Sarcoma accounts for about 1% of all adult cancers diagnosed in the United States. According to the American Cancer Society, in 2025, an estimated 13,520 people in the United States will be diagnosed with sarcoma, and about 5,420 deaths are expected from this disease.

Types of Sarcomas: How They Differ and What to Watch For

Sarcoma develops when the DNA within the cells of connective tissues undergoes mutations. These mutations can be spontaneous or triggered by factors such as radiation exposure, certain chemicals, or genetic predispositions. The mutated cells begin to grow uncontrollably, forming a tumor that can invade surrounding tissues and spread to other parts of the body.

Sarcomas are categorized into two main types: bone sarcomas and soft tissue sarcomas. Understanding these categories is essential as each type has subtypes with unique characteristics:

• Bone Sarcomas: The primary types are osteosarcoma, Ewing's sarcoma, and chondrosarcoma. Osteosarcoma is the most common type, typically affecting the long bones in the arms and legs. Common symptoms of bone sarcomas include persistent bone or joint pain, which might come and go at first and can be mistaken for growing pains. Other symptoms include swelling near a bone and pain related to a bone that breaks for no apparent reason.
• Soft Tissue Sarcomas: There are more than 50 types of soft tissue sarcomas, including liposarcoma (fat cell based), leiomyosarcoma (muscle based), and synovial sarcoma (soft tissue based). Soft tissue sarcomas can develop in any part of the body, such as muscles, fat, ligament, and tendons. These cancers may not cause any symptoms at first. As the tumor grows, it may cause a noticeable lump or swelling, pain if it presses on nerves or muscles and other symptoms depending on its location.

Why Early Intervention Matters

Early detection of sarcoma significantly improves the chances of successful treatment. The overall five-year survival rate for soft tissue sarcoma is approximately 65%. For localized sarcoma, the five-year survival rate is about 82.6%, while regional sarcoma has a survival rate of 59.9%. Metastatic sarcoma, which has spread to other parts of the body, has a much lower five-year survival rate of 16.7%.

It is vital to be vigilant about any persistent or unusual symptoms and to seek medical advice promptly. Early intervention can prevent cancer from spreading and increase the effectiveness of treatment. Recognizing symptoms in oneself involves:

• Self-Examination: Regularly check for any unusual lumps or swelling, especially in the limbs and abdomen.
• Monitoring Pain: Keep track of any persistent pain that does not respond to typical pain relief methods, such as aspirin.
• Observing Changes: Note any changes in energy levels or unexplained fatigue.

If any of these symptoms are present, it is crucial to consult a healthcare provider for further evaluation.

Diagnosing Sarcoma

If further tests are needed, when diagnosing sarcoma, a healthcare provider will recommend a series of tests to get an accurate diagnosis, which may include:

• Imaging Tests: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), Computed Tomography (CT) scans, and Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scans are used to visualize tumors and assess their size and location. These advanced imaging diagnostics are available at Long Beach Medical Center, which offers a comprehensive range of diagnostic tools including image-guided biopsies and digital imaging systems to support accurate diagnosis and treatment planning.
• Biopsy: Performed to extract a sample of abnormal tissue for microscopic examination. Long Beach Medical Center offers a wide range of biopsy procedures including core biopsy, pre-op needle localization, and ultrasound-guided core biopsy to help determine whether a tumor or abnormal growth is benign or malignant, ensuring patients receive a timely and accurate diagnosis.
• Pathological Analysis: The biopsy sample is carefully analyzed to determine whether the cells are cancerous and, if so, to identify the specific type and grade of sarcoma. Pathologists at Long Beach Medical Center use advanced laboratory techniques to provide precise and timely diagnoses. This critical information guides treatment planning and is an essential part of the multidisciplinary approach to cancer care that is provided to each patient.

If sarcoma is identified, your health care provider will recommend starting treatment as soon as possible.

Sarcoma Treatment Options at Todd Cancer Institute

Treatment for sarcoma varies based on the type, location, and stage of the cancer and can include clinical trials. The MemorialCare Todd Cancer Institute at Long Beach Medical Center offers advanced technology, nationally recognized physicians and innovative treatments in a warm and caring environment. Every patient receives targeted, customized treatment plans designed for their unique needs.

Some of the treatment options can include:

• Genetic Profiling: Identifying specific genetic mutations in sarcoma cells helps tailor personalized treatment plans. Genetic counselors at the Todd Cancer Institute can provide a comprehensive assessment. Our genetic counselors are licensed professionals with special education and training to help individuals and families understand and manage their cancer risks.
• Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy may be used to kill cancer cells or slow their growth. Oncologists at the Todd Cancer Institute carefully manage treatment to balance effectiveness with quality of life. The Ambulatory Infusion Center offers outpatient care, including chemotherapy infusions, alongside personalized education about medications, guidance on managing side effects, and ongoing support throughout treatment.
• Immunotherapy: This newer approach works by activating the body’s own immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells. Unlike traditional therapies that may target both healthy and cancerous cells, immunotherapy is designed to be more precise, helping the immune system distinguish and destroy only the harmful ones. Immunotherapy may be combined with other treatments like chemotherapy or radiation, enhancing overall effectiveness and supporting patients through complex cases. Select patients at the Todd Cancer Institute may benefit from immunotherapy as part of a personalized treatment strategy.
• Radiation Therapy: Radiation therapy is used to shrink the tumor before surgery, making it easier to remove, or to eliminate any remaining cancer cells after surgery to reduce the risk of recurrence. At the Thomas & Dorothy Leavey Radiation Oncology Center, located within the Todd Cancer Pavilion at MemorialCare Long Beach Medical Center, patients benefit from advanced technology like Varian Edge and TomoTherapy, which allow for highly precise targeting of tumors while minimizing exposure to healthy tissue.
• Surgery: Surgical removal of the tumor is often the first line of treatment for sarcoma. At the Todd Cancer Institute, these procedures are performed by specialized surgeons with expertise in complex cancer cases. When appropriate, minimally invasive techniques are used to support faster recovery and improve surgical outcomes.
• Targeted Therapy: This approach uses drugs that act on specific characteristics of cancer cells to disrupt their growth and spread. By selectively attacking cancer-related pathways, targeted therapy often results in fewer side effects and can be an effective option for treating certain sarcomas.

Caring for Your Body and Mind

Receiving a sarcoma diagnosis can be frightening, but taking the right steps early on is essential. Focusing on your overall health and well-being during treatment can make a meaningful difference in how you feel and respond to care. Some tips to living a healthy lifestyle include:

• Healthy Diet: Consume a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. A diet high in antioxidants can help protect cells from damage and support overall health. At the Todd Cancer Institute, all cancer patients are treated as survivors from the moment they receive a cancer diagnosis, through the Survivorship Program. Patients have access to nutritional counseling from our registered dietitian nutritionists where they can learn how to better manage the symptoms and side effects of cancer treatment, as well as receive nutrition education during and after undergoing treatment.
• Regular Exercise: Engage in physical activities to maintain overall health and boost the immune system. Exercise also helps manage stress and improve mood, which is beneficial for recovery The Survivorship Program offers yoga and Pilates classes to patients and their caregivers. Classes are led by physical therapists to effectively support patients’ overall wellbeing and encourage healing and relaxation. The program also offers a monthly walking group where breast and gynecologic cancer patients and survivors are welcome to participate.
• Avoiding Carcinogens: Limit exposure to known carcinogens such as tobacco smoke and certain chemicals, including pesticides and asbestos. Certain jobs may place people at a higher risk for cancer, so it’s important to maintain regular examinations with a health care provider to maintain your overall health.
• Stress Management: Practice stress-reducing techniques like meditation and yoga. Managing stress effectively can improve overall well-being and support the body's ability to heal. There are various support groups available for patients and their families offered by the Survivorship Program. We offer virtual support groups for breast cancer and gynecologic cancer, as well as a bereavement support group with both in-person and virtual options. One of programs offered is Beat the Odds, a 10-week program offering patients research-based strategies for improving quality of life, managing side effects and symptoms after a cancer diagnosis. Patients may graduate from that program and join Boost the Odds, focusing on more in-depth exploration of the skills and concepts taught in Beat the Odds. The Survivorship Program also offers a variety of classes, education, community events, and additional resources to support our patients and their families after a cancer diagnosis.

Navigating Cancer with Expert Care

The MemorialCare Todd Cancer Institute at Long Beach Medical Center provides comprehensive resources and care for patients and their families throughout their cancer journey. The Todd Cancer Institute combines expert medical treatment, emotional support, and educational materials to create a comforting environment focused on healing and recovery. Our multidisciplinary team collaborates across various specialties to offer advanced treatment for the most complex cancers. Additionally, robust psychosocial services are available to support the mental and emotional well-being of patients. The Todd Cancer Institute's Survivorship Program ensures ongoing care and support even after treatment.

Want to learn more about the overall call provided by the Todd Cancer Institute? Call (562) 933-0900.